Biotin is an essential B-vitamin that plays an important role in the overall health of horses. Biotin has a positive effect on the production of keratin. Keratin proteins form the foundation for the structure of hooves, skin, and coat. In addition, biotin functions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, supports metabolism, and contributes to a healthy skin, coat, and hoof growth.
Horses obtain biotin mainly through their diet, especially from grass and roughage. Other feedstuffs such as oats, barley, soybean meal, rice bran, and molasses also contain biotin. In addition, microorganisms in the hindgut can produce biotin themselves. In most cases, this production is sufficient for healthy growth of the hooves, skin, and coat.
Biotin is often added to the feed as a supplement. An excess of biotin is excreted through the kidneys. The hooves of a horse grow from the coronary band downward. Biotin only strengthens newly formed hoof, skin, and hair material. Because a horse’s hooves grow slowly—about three centimeters per six months—the effect of a biotin supplement often becomes visible only after a longer period.
A deficiency of biotin can have various causes, such as insufficient grass and roughage, variations in biotin levels in the hay, or reduced intestinal function. As a result, the absorption of biotin into the blood can decrease. Possible symptoms of a deficiency include:
• Reduced horn quality
• Abnormal hoof shape
• Decreased hoof growth
• Soft hooves
• Dull coat
• Reduced skin resistance
• Fatigue
• Reduced appetite
• Muscle pain
Healthy hooves are very important for the well-being of horses. A healthy hoof has a strong outer horn layer, which is formed with the help of various nutrients. A deficiency of one or more of these nutrients can weaken the horn layer, which may lead to drying out of the hooves. In addition to a balanced diet, proper hoof care is also essential. This includes timely trimming or shoeing and avoiding prolonged exposure to extreme dryness or moisture.
