Colic is a condition familiar to every horse owner. Colic is a general term for abdominal pain, which can have various causes. A horse can, for example, suffer from gas colic, sand colic, spasmodic colic, or impaction colic. If colic is suspected, it is always advisable to contact the veterinarian. The veterinarian can assess whether it is necessary to come immediately or if you can wait a little. You can also discuss whether it is wise to walk the horse and whether it is allowed to eat and drink; this depends on the cause of the colic. Based on the cause, a further treatment plan can be made.
Gas colic results from a buildup of gas in the intestines, which occurs when too much gas accumulates in the large intestine. The large intestine produces excess gas when sugars that are not fully digested in the small intestine reach the large intestine. A major change in feed or a (partial) intestinal blockage can also be causes. There are several measures that can help prevent gas colic. Ensure a gradual transition when adjusting the feed ration, limit intake of spring or autumn grass, feed small amounts multiple times per day, and have your horse’s teeth checked regularly. A healthy set of teeth is the basis for proper digestion.
Sand colic in horses can occur due to ingestion of sand that accumulates in the digestive system. Irritation of the intestinal mucosa and blockage of the intestinal lumen together can lead to colic. Horses can ingest sand by eating short grass, eating roughage from the ground, or deliberately eating sand. In cases of sand colic, the veterinarian may administer paraffin. This is not absorbed by the body but acts as a laxative, helping to expel the sand. The veterinarian may also recommend giving the horse a psyllium treatment. In some cases, surgery may be required.
To prevent sand colic, various measures can be taken. If feeding the horse outside, do not place hay on the ground but in a feeder, for example. If the hay is very dusty, you can soak it in water before feeding. Additionally, a monthly psyllium treatment can be given if your horse ingests a lot of sand or is prone to sand colic. If your horse deliberately eats sand, it is advisable to check whether it is receiving enough minerals.
Spasmodic colic occurs when the muscles in the intestines contract, causing (part of) the intestines to cramp. Various factors can cause this, including changes in feed, stress, and worm infections. Sometimes the horse has eaten something unsuitable, causing disturbed digestion.
Impaction colic can occur when the intestines are blocked with feed, for example, if a horse eats too much straw, drinks too little, or does not chew its feed properly. When the intestine is blocked, manure cannot pass, creating tension in the intestine and causing the horse pain. To prevent impaction colic, various factors should be considered. Ensure high-quality roughage, unlimited drinking water, sufficient exercise, gradual changes in feed, and regularly check the horse’s manure.
The symptoms of colic vary per horse; some horses show clearer signs than others. Common symptoms include:
